Ganj Dareh

[2][3] In 2017-18, the site was revisited by an Iranian-Danish team of archaeologists under direction of Hojjat Darabi and Tobias Richter.

[1] The remains have been classified into five occupation levels, from A, at the top, to E.[8] Ganj Dareh is important in the study of Neolithic ceramics in Luristan and Kurdistan.

Researchers sequenced the genome from the petrous bone of a 30-50 year old woman from Ganj Dareh, GD13a.

[1] GD13a is genetically closest to the ancient Caucasus hunter-gatherers identified from human remains from Georgia (Satsurblia Cave and Kotias Klde).

[1] Also genetically close to GD13a were ancient samples from Steppe populations (Yamanya & Afanasievo) that were part of one or more Bronze age migrations into Europe, as well as early Bronze age cultures in that continent (Corded Ware) in line with previous relationships observed for the Caucasus Hunter-Gatherers.

[10] Most Neolithic Iranian specimens from Ganj Dareh were found to belong to the paternal haplogroup R2a.

[11] The to date oldest sample of haplogroup R2a was observed in the remains of a Neolithic human from Ganj Dareh in western Iran (c. 10,162 years old).

Map showing location of Ganj Dareh, Tepe Guran, Tepe Sarab, Ali Kosh, and Tepe Asiab, as well as some other locations of early herding activity.
Area of the fertile crescent , circa 7500 BC, with main sites. Ganj Dareh is one of the important sites of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period. The area of Mesopotamia proper was not yet settled by humans.
Principal Components Analysis of Ancient West Eurasians: Eigenvectors were inferred using present-day populations (gray points) and the ancient samples (colored shapes) were projected onto the plot. GD13a is part of the Neolithic Iranian (Iran_N) cluster.