Gene polymorphism
A study has shown that humans bearing this variant in one or both of their CYP4A11 genes have an increased incidence of hypertension, ischemic stroke, and coronary artery disease.
There are more than 32,000 different alleles of human MHC class I and II genes, and it has been estimated that there are 200 variants at the HLA-B HLA-DRB1 loci alone.
[20][21] Resources such as HapMap, DbSNP,Ensembl, DNA Data Bank of Japan, DrugBank, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), GenBank, and other parts of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration have become crucial in Personalized medicine, bioinformatics, and pharmacogenomics.
XPD works by cutting and removing segments of DNA that have been damaged due to things such as cigarette smoking and inhalation of other environmental carcinogens.
[25] Several studies have been conducted to see if this diminished capacity to repair DNA is related to an increased risk of lung cancer.
These studies examined the XPD gene in lung cancer patients of varying age, gender, race, and pack-years.
As a cornerstone of Peronalized medicine cancers, Sequence analysis is becoming increasingly important to understand the specific mutations involved in the individual's cancer, such as needed to select specific molecular targets such as mutations in various receptors, but also understanding the polymorphisms they inherited which play important roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, such as treatment of leukemia with 6-mercaptopurine where toxicity largely depends on polymorphisms in multiple different genes involved in its metabolism.
[29] By using the traditional linkage analysis, these asthma correlated genes were able to be identified in small quantities using genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
The study found that IgE serum levels differed in children with the C allele in the CD14/-260 gene based on the type of allergens they regularly exposed to.
[31] Continued research into gene-environment interactions may lead to more specialized treatment plans based on an individual's surroundings.
