Geometric design

It deals with the construction and representation of free-form curves, surfaces, or volumes[1] and is closely related to geometric modeling.

Application areas include shipbuilding, aircraft, and automotive industries, as well as architectural design.

The modern ubiquity and power of computers means that even perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers are designed using techniques unheard of by shipbuilders of 1960s.

3D models are central to computer-aided design and manufacturing, and many applied technical fields such as geology and medical image processing.

However, the distinction is often blurred: for instance, geometric shapes can be represented by objects; a digital image can be interpreted as a collection of colored squares; and geometric shapes such as circles are defined by implicit mathematical equations.