Geoplana cananeia is a species of land planarian belonging to the subfamily Geoplaninae.

[1] It is found in areas of the Atlantic Forest on Ilha do Cardoso within Cananéia, Brazil.

A white stripe borders this, which is in turn bordered by a black stripe that merges into a gray band mottled with white, which fades towards the outer margin.

[2] Along with its coloration, it can be distinguished from other members of Geoplana by a 1 mm anterior extension of the penis bulb from the penis papilla, stroma of the penis papilla that have necks of glands gathered in bundles that resemble an orange in cross-section, and a richly folded posterior-half wall of the female atrium.

[2] The specific epithet is derived from the municipality of Cananéia, where the species' type locality is located.