He spent his early life in Berlin, where he received his primary and secondary education.

His career then took a turn due to health-related issues that led him to move to Greece and engage in archaeology.

Kawerau later moved to Turkey, where his architectural expertise was put to use in several major projects.

From April 1, 1908, Kawerau served as a directorial assistant at the Berlin Museums, with his office located in Constantinople.

His notable works during this period include his collaboration with Hubert Knackfuß on the Delphinion in Miletus and with Alexander Conze on the palaces of Pergamon.