Gnomium was the proposed name for a new element similar to nickel and cobalt.
Gerhard Krüss and F. W. Schmidt thought that existence of this element would solve an apparent problem in the periodic table.
[1][2] Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer were the first to arrange elements in a periodic table ordered by atomic weight, thereby revealing periodic patterns of chemical and physical properties.
Ordered by atomic weight, the sequence would be: iron (55.845) — nickel (58.6934) — cobalt (58.9331) But arrayed by chemical properties, especially the highest possible oxidation numbers, the sequence would be: iron (+6) — cobalt (+5) — nickel (+4) It was initially believed that this problem was due to inadequate measurement of atomic weights, but after several years those of cobalt and nickel were established more precisely and the contradiction remained.
It was the introduction of the concept of atomic number, and the re-ordering of the periodic table by atomic number, that resolved this and related problems and obviated the hypotheses for gnomium: iron (26) — cobalt (27) — nickel (28)