Grapefruit seed extract

[1] GSE is prepared by grinding the grapefruit seed and juiceless pulp, then mixing with glycerin.

[7] The seed and pulp, as byproducts of the juice industry, are retrieved for GSE processing[8] or sold as cattle feed.

[1] Although citrus seed extract is sold in health food markets,[12] there is no good evidence for any antimicrobial activity.

[17] GSE is prepared by grinding the grapefruit seed and juiceless pulp, then mixing with glycerin.

[1] Commercially available GSE is made from the seed, pulp, glycerin, and synthetic preservatives all blended together.