Endoscopy, in which a video camera-equipped instrument is inserted through a small incision in the subject, may be used to explore the internal organs and other structures of living animals.
The anatomy of the circulatory system in a living animal may be studied noninvasively via angiography, a technique in which blood vessels are visualised after being injected with an opaque dye.
Such courses aim to educate students in advanced funadmental human anatomy and seek to establish anatomical landmarks used to aid medical diagnosis.
Working intimately with a cadaver during a gross anatomy course has been shown to capture the essence of the patient-provider relationship.
[4] This, coupled with decreasing time dedicated to gross anatomical courses within the growing greater medical school curriculum, has caused controversy surrounding the sufficiency of anatomical teaching with nearly half of newly qualified doctors believing they received insufficient anatomy teaching due to the course often being condensed into one semester.