Its name was given by Pedro de Ortega Valencia, born in the village of Guadalcanal, Seville, Spain.

[4] The island became the scene of the important Guadalcanal Campaign during World War II.

The Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement in the Department of State's Bureau of Political-Military Affairs established an explosive ordnance disposal training program.

It safely disposed of hundreds of items of UXO, and it trained police personnel to respond to EOD call-outs in the island's highly populated areas.

The current premier of Guadalcanal Province is Francis Sade who entered the office after the 2019 provincial election.

Despite these hardships, Premier Sade managed to reform Guadalcanal Provincial Government financially with a strong debt-servicing and revenue collections.