In 1662, the professor of medicine and polymath, Olaus Rudbeck, significantly expanded the building by adding another floor, as well as constructing the theatrum anatomicum within a large cupola on its roof.

In 1955, the anatomical theatre was restored according Olaus Rudbeck's original design.

After the demolition of Academia Carolina in 1778, Gustavianum became the main building of the university.

Teaching from the institutions of architecture, antiquity and Egyptology continued in the building until 1997, when it was rebuilt into a museum.

[1] Museum Gustavianum was inaugurated by King Carl XVI Gustaf on 17 June 1997.