Gynogenesis

Gynogenesis, a form of parthenogenesis, is a system of asexual reproduction that requires the presence of sperm without the actual contribution of its DNA for completion.

[1] The egg cell of the organism is able to develop, unfertilized, into an adult using only maternal genetic material.

Gynogenesis is often termed "sperm parasitism" in reference to the somewhat pointless role of male gametes.

However, those P. formosa successful in finding a mate make up the deficit by producing twice as many female offspring as their competitors.

In this species – its specific epithet impaternata meaning 'fatherless' – the queen reproduces through sexual interaction, yet not fertilization, with gynogenetically produced females, and males reared from fatherless eggs.