[2] Kleptogenic reproduction results in three potential outcomes:[3] The term is derived from the (Ancient or Modern) Greek κλέπτ(ης), klépt(ēs), 'thief' + -on, after taxon, or kleptein, 'to steal'.
In a paper entitled "Taxonomy of Parthenogenetic Species of Hybrid Origin", Charles J. Cole argues that the thief motif closely parallels the behaviour of certain reptiles.
[5] In the wild, five species of Ambystoma salamanders contribute to a unisexual complex that reproduces via a combination of gynogenesis and kleptogenesis: A. tigrinum, A. barbouri, A. texanum, A. jeffersonium, and A. laterale.
[7] The fact that these salamanders have persisted for so long is remarkable, as it contradicts the notion that a majority of asexual lineages arise when the conditions are right and quickly disappear.
[6] Other species exhibiting the property include European water frogs of the genus Pelophylax.