HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a condition characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat associated with infection with HIV.

[1]: 497 HIV-associated lipodystrophy commonly presents with fat loss in face, buttocks, arms and legs.

[citation needed] The exact mechanism of HIV-associated lipodystrophy is not fully elucidated.

[2] On the other hand, there is evidence that HIV-1 infection on its own contributes to the development of the lipodystrophic phenotype by interfering with some key genes of adipocyte differentiation and mitochondrial function on patients which have not received antiretroviral treatment.

[citation needed] Reversion of lipodystrophy does not occur after withdrawal of protease inhibitors.