[4] It is a gram-negative bacteria and has been found to have six distinct secretion systems that mediate the export of protein through the inner and outer membranes.
[6] Although dependent, the H. defensa genome preserves more genes and pathways for cell structures and processes, than that of obligate symbionts.
[6] It has notably more cell structure, DNA replication, recombination, and repair of genes than obligate endosymbionts, despite its limited biosynthetic abilities.
[6] These translocation systems are typically used by pathogens to occupy host cells and elude immune responses.
[6] There have been recent studies done attempting to find ways to manipulate H.defensa's "self-fighting" qualities, and create a cure for certain illnesses.