According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 6.7 square miles (17 km2), all land.

Its villages include Hanoverville, Schoenersville, Stoke Park, and Westgate Hills.

Hanover is a Second Class Township, governed by a five person elected Board of Supervisors.

On the national level, Hanover is a part of Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district, and is currently represented by Ryan Mackenzie.

It follows the Lehigh Valley Thruway along a southwest-northeast alignment across the southern and eastern portions of the township.

Pennsylvania Route 512 begins at US 22 in the eastern portion of the township and heads north along the Bath Pike.

Pennsylvania Route 987 follows Airport Road along a north-south alignment across the western portion of the township.

Lehigh Valley Academy, a charter school that uses the International Baccalaureate academic program, is also located in the township.