Hard landing

Hard landings can vary in their consequences, from mild passenger discomfort to vehicle damage, structural failure, injuries, and/or loss of life.

For example, on 20 June 2012, a Boeing 767 of All Nippon Airways landed with such force that a large crease formed in the aircraft's skin.

[3] When the final approach isn't stabilised, the crew is to abort and go around; this was the recommendation of the Australian Transport Safety Bureau after investigating the hard landing of a Malaysia Airlines Airbus A330 at Melbourne Airport after arriving from Kuala Lumpur on 14 March 2015.

[4][5] For helicopters, a hard landing can occur after mechanical or engine damage or failure when the rotor(s) are still intact and free to turn.

Autorotation, in which airflow over the rotors keeps them turning and provides some lift, can allow limited pilot control during descent.