Heinz Neumann

He was arrested and spent six months in prison, during which he took up Russian, learning it so well, he could speak to Soviet party officials without an interpreter.

At the same time, he encouraged fighting the Nazis whenever expedient and coined the slogan "Schlagt die Faschisten, wo ihr sie trefft!"

Along with fellow member of the Reichstag Hans Kippenberger, Neumann was the leader of the KPD's paramilitary wing, the Party Self Defense Unit (German: Parteiselbstschutz).

As such, Neumann had a major role in planning the 1931 assassination of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck, both of whom were SPD members and Precinct Captains in the Berlin Police.

Elected to the Reichstag in 1930, in 1931, Neumann began to disagree openly with both Stalin and KPD leader Ernst Thälmann.

In retaliation for his dissenting stance, Neumann's motion was defeated in October 1932, he was relieved of all his party functions in November 1932, and lost his seat in the Reichstag.

In January 1934, while still a fugitive from the German police, Neumann was accused of having tried to split the KPD, he was forced to write a "self criticism".

After her release, Buber-Neumann spent the remainder of her life as an outspoken believer in the moral equivalency of Nazism and communism.