In 1908 he earned his doctorate from the University of Paris, and shortly afterwards was professor agrégé at the faculty of medicine.
With Charles Lucien de Beurmann (1851-1923), he conducted extensive research of fungal diseases that included pioneer studies of sporotrichosis.
In 1925 he described three separate cases of atrophy of the salivary glands associated with dryness of the eyes, mouth and vagina.
He was the publisher of Archives dermato-syphiligraphiques de la clinique de l'hôpital Saint-Louis, and with Ferdinand-Jean Darier (1856-1938) and Raymond Jacques Adrien Sabouraud (1864-1938), was editor of Nouvelle Pratique Dermatologique; an eight-volume work on dermatology.
[3] The eponymous Gougerot's trilogy is named after him, defined as disease with three main dermatological symptoms (erythematous papular lesions, purpuric macules, and dermal/dermohypodermal nodules) that typically affect the thighs and legs.