Henri Jules Louis Marie Rendu (24 July 1844 – 16 April 1902) was a French physician born in Paris.
He initially received an education in sciences at the school of agronomy in Rennes, and from 1865 studied medicine in Paris, becoming an interne in 1868 at the Hôpital Saint-Antoine.
He served as a military surgeon during the Franco-Prussian War, and a few years later worked in the department of Pierre Potain (1825–1901) at the Hôpital Necker in Paris.
In 1885 he was appointed head of the department of medicine at Hôpital Necker, a position he maintained for the rest of his career.
Throughout his career he held an avid interest in natural sciences, and spent considerable time as a botanical collector.