The railroad was incorporated in 1863 by various owners of the Hibernia iron mines.
In 1881 the completion of the Dover and Rockaway Railroad established a connection between the Hibernia Mine RR and the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) at Port Oram (modern day Wharton).
The line operated profitably on its ore business, making it an attractive acquisition for the CNJ, which leased it in 1890 and incorporated it into the High Bridge Branch line.
Production at the Hibernia Mines rapidly declined during the 1890s and by 1907 only one shaft was producing.
Although the ore traffic ceased, several industrial customers in Rockaway remained, and in 1930 the CNJ eliminated the expenses of its lease by purchasing the line outright, eventually abandoning the northern portion of the line in 1946.