[4] However, the first commercial operation began between Kaunas temporary station on the left bank of the river Nemunas and Eydtkuhnen in East Prussia on 11 April 1861.

[8] The greatest expansion of the railway happened during 1857–1914 when nearly two thirds of the network, used at the end of 20th century, was constructed.

[8] During the years after World War I, Lithuanian Railways reconstructed the tracks, connecting them into a complete network.

[9] The interwar period was marked by the expansion of the narrow gauge railways which contributed to the economic development of the rural areas, especially in the north-eastern Lithuania.

[9] In 1940, following the Soviet occupation, railway activities were reorganized and all agreements concluded by Lithuania with neighbouring countries terminated.

[7] Following the independence restoration in 1991, Lithuania restored its membership in international rail transport organizations, established national railway company Lietuvos geležinkeliai AB and began gradual modernization of its railway network.

In late 19th and early 20th centuries, some Lithuanian cities used the wagonways i.e. trams pulled by horses which were colloquially called "konkė".

[12] During the interwar period there were plans to revive electric tramways both in Vilnius and Kaunas, but they never materialized.

[23] As of 2021[update], Lithuania has three intermodal terminals:[24] LTG Cargo company provides freight transportation corridors for or between the following regions: LTG Cargo primarily uses Siemens ER20 "Eurorunner" locomotives for the freight trains.

[36] As of 2021[update], only 10% of the railways in Lithuania are electrified, but major electrification projects are in progress with the intention of achieving 50%.

[37] In 2019, a joint consortium of Spanish companies Elecnor and Abengoa was awarded a contract to carry out electrification of 730 km (450 mi) of railway.

[15] In 2021, LTG Link announced the public procurement to acquire 30 electric trains in order to replace the existing diesel fleet.

[42] Today, the active part of the railway is 68.4 km (42.5 mi), making it one of the longest narrow gauge lines in Europe.

[45] Rail Baltica is an ongoing greenfield railway infrastructure project which will link all Baltic States, including Lithuania, Poland and, eventually, Finland.

Being a part of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T), it is one of the priority projects of the European Union.

[46] It will introduce standard-gauge high-speed rail with an operating speed of 249 km/h for passenger trains.

[47] In Lithuania, 392 km (244 mi) of new track will be constructed, including the reconstruction of the Vilnius–Kaunas Railway to support standard gauge.