[5] The species name was apparently derived from the occurrence in the state/province of the Tamil people of southeastern India.

[8] The walking legs and the tip of the pedipalp pincers are bright orange-yellow to light reddish-brown in color.

Their habitus is typical of buthid scorpions, with rather small pedipalp pincers, moderately thickened metasomal segments and a rather bulbous telson with large stinger.

[1] This species is of great medical significance in densely populated areas of India and Nepal and occasionally causes human fatalities.

[9][10] Scorpion antivenom has little effect in clinical treatment but application of prazosin reduces the mortality rate to less than 4%.

Antivenin is the specific treatment for scorpion envenomation combined with supportive measures including vasodilators in patients with cardiovascular toxic effects and benzodiazepines when there is neuromuscular involvement.

[10] It is widespread across vegetated lowlands with subtropical to tropical, humid climate and often lives close to or in human settlements, especially in rural areas.

A study[15] from Saswad-Jejuri, Pune (western India) has found H. tamulus in a wide range of microhabitats, including scrubland and veld with stones, red and black soil in cropland, loamy, grassy and stony hillslopes and -tops, black soil in mango orchards, Eucalyptus plantations, and under tree bark.

It occurs rather seldom under tree bark, a habitat dominated by its sister species Hottentotta pachyurus (8.9% versus 91.1% abundance).

[16] Encounters with humans mainly occur during the night or early morning, when the scorpions accidentally crawl into beds or fall from ceilings.

After series of observations from research team and other international scientists, it was revealed that the scorpion specimens belong to the species H. tamulus.