Iberian Pyrite Belt

The Iberian Pyrite Belt was formed 350 million years ago in the Devonian Period, connected to active and hydrothermal volcanism that led to the formation of a volcanic-sedimentary complex.

Volcanic activity in the region led to eight giant volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits (VMS) associated with polymetallic massive flanks of volcanic cones in the form of pyrite, and also chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and cassiterite.

This southern area of Lusitania, a Roman province for several centuries, was an abundant source of mineral ore which included gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, and iron.

[3] Given its mineral riches, the area played a significant role in the expansion of Roman metallurgy.

The economic viability depends on the extraction of copper, zinc, lead and, in some cases, precious metals like gold and silver.