Idiacanthus is a genus of barbeled dragonfishes, the larvae of which are noted for exhibiting the Stylophthalmine trait.

[3] Idiacanthus fasciola is more widely distributed, found in both North and South Atlantic as well as the Indo-Pacific and other areas.

[7] Through evolution, notochord sheaths in Idiacanthus antrostomus have aligned to a straight connection from the occiput to the first vertebra.

[10] Idiacanthus possess a luminous spherical organ that hangs off the lower jaw as a thin barbell.

[13] Along both the dorsal and ventral sides of its body, the Idiacanthus has a single strip of chevron-shaped spots of luminescent tissue that, when stimulated, appears to glow either yellow or blue-green.