Ilo is one of three provinces that make up the Moquegua Region in Peru.

It extends north–south through the region's coastal area, forming a bay.

According to the 1993 Census, the province has a population of 51,481 inhabitants, 52.4% of whom (26,964) are male and 47.6% (24,517) are female.

As of 2005, the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática estimates the province's population to be 68,363.

Persons originating from other regions of the country make up 51.6% of the population and 0.3% of residents were born abroad.