In these languages, the imprecative mood is used to wish misfortune upon others, whereas the optative mood is used for wishes in general.
A commonly given example of a language with an imprecative mood is Turkish, which uses an otherwise obsolete future-tense suffix -esi solely in the third person for curses:[1] Geber-esi!die.like.a.dog-IMPR.3SGGeber-esi!die.like.a.dog-IMPR.3SG"May he die like a dog!
"While not a mood in English, expressions like like hell it is or the fuck you are are imprecative retorts.
[2] These consist of an expletive + a personal pronoun subject + an auxiliary verb.
This linguistic morphology article is a stub.