Examples of languages with a morphological optative mood are Ancient Greek, Albanian, Armenian, Georgian, Friulian, Kazakh, Kurdish, Navajo, Old Prussian, Old Persian, Sanskrit, Turkish, and Yup'ik.
In dependent clauses (purpose, temporal, conditional, and indirect speech), the optative is often used under past-tense main verbs.
"In Koine Greek, the optative began to be replaced by the subjunctive; in the New Testament, it was primarily used in set phrases.
Its function was adopted by the present form of the optative that reflected only possibilities, unreal things and general wishes at first.
A somewhat archaic Dutch saying, 'Leve de Koning' ("long live the king") is another example of how the optative still is present in Germanic languages today.
In Sanskrit, the optative is formed by adding the secondary endings to the verb stem.
It also expresses possibilities (e.g. kadācid goṣabdena budhyeta "he might perhaps wake up due to the bellowing of cows")[5] or doubt and uncertainty (e.g., katham vidyām Nalam "how would I be able to recognize Nala?").
The auxiliary verb, whose characteristic is the prefix ai-, always precedes the main verb and, in negative wishes, also the negative adverb ez (meaning no, not): In Standard Basque, like in all the other dialects, such wishes are made with the particle ahal, and the future indicative tense: All the dialects have verbal forms in the imperative mood (Agintera), even for commands concerning the 3rd person, both singular and plural: For commands concerning the 1st person, present subjunctive forms are used: In Finnish, the optative or the second imperative, is archaic, mainly appearing in poetry, and used in suppletion with the first imperative.
The optative mood can also be expressed by suffixing 様に yō ni to the verb, typically the polite form.
Although Biblical Hebrew does not have a dedicated optative mood like Ancient Greek or Sanskrit, it frequently expresses optative-like constructions through rhetorical questions, especially those beginning with the interrogative pronoun מי (mi, meaning "who").
An example of optative-like construct in Hebrew is מי יתן (mi yiten), literally "Who will give?"
This phrase is used to express a deep, often unattainable desire in Job 6:8: This conveys the speaker's longing for something beyond their control, functioning similarly to the optative mood in other languages.
Another example is in the Talmud (Avodah Zarah 10b): מי ישים (mi yasim), meaning "Who will place?"
These rhetorical questions in Hebrew serve a similar function to the optative mood, providing a way to express wishes, hopes, or desires that cannot be directly commanded or expected.
ЧиChiирсэнirsenбаижbaijчchболоосойboloosoi.Чи ирсэн баиж ч болоосойChi irsen baij ch boloosoi.