Decreased activity of complexes I and IV results in an inhibition of electron transport that is associated with higher production of ROS.

IPAM can also act as a recyclable electron and proton carrier, facilitating reversible endogenous radical and redox reactions, and thereby enabling the formation of a proton gradient that drives mitochondrial ATP synthesis.

Thus, IPAM acts as a stabilizer of energy metabolism in mitochondria, thereby reducing the production of reactive oxygen species.

Researchers noted that such a lifespan extension in this particular rotifer species is the highest that was ever observed to date in any study.

[1] In rodents, IPAM was detected as endogenously occurring and its levels can be slightly increased after administration of L-tryptophan (but not isopropyl alcohol or melatonin).