[6] MAEs are agents that enhance the action potential-mediated release of monoamine neurotransmitters.

[7][8][9] Hence, IPAP is a representative selective serotonergic activity enhancer (SAE) at lower doses.

[3][2] As with BPAP and PPAP, the negative enantiomer (i.e., R(–)-IPAP) is more biologically active as a MAE and is often the employed compound.

[3] The effects of MAEs appear to be mediated by intracellular TAAR1 agonism coupled with uptake by monoamine transporters into monoaminergic neurons.

[3][4] In contrast to amphetamines, IPAP has no classical monoamine releasing agent actions.