The regency has an area of 13,136.14 km2 and had a population of 661,779 at the 2010 census[2] and 654,909 at the 2020 Census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 695,571 (comprising 358,807 males and 336,764 females).

[1] The administrative centre of the regency is the town of Tembilahan.

The regency is divided into twenty districts (kecamatan), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census[2] and the 2020 census,[3] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.

[1] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 197 rural desa and 39 urban kelurahan), and its post code.

There is also a private airport located in Pelangiran District owned by PT THIP.