Air pollution and toxic waste have contributed to the lower life expectancy in some industrial cities.
In countries with strong central planning, such as China, India, a city could be created on paper, and then industry found to locate there.
"The industrial city" as a nickname, though, most frequently refers to South San Francisco, where the term is inscribed on a hillside sign.
This situation causes industrial zones and industrialists to take on an additional role in terms of policy.
With this by the end of the nineteenth century the shape and functions of most cities, along with social relations and groving industries, naturally rebuilted Manchester, England, is considered[by whom?]