Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology (Lithuanian: Baltijos regiono istorijos ir archeologijos institutas or BRIAI) is the scholarly research subdivision of Klaipėda University.

It was established in 2003, following reorganization of the former Centre for the History of Western Lithuania and Prussia, which functioned in the period 1992 to 2003 The scholars of the Institute are involved in the research of changes in prehistoric and historic societies and cultures within the Baltic region by applying diverse scientific theories and methodologies.

In their research activities, the staff of Centre for the History of Western Lithuania and Prussia focused upon investigation of the relations between the Order of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, development of societies of these states, the history of the German-Lithuanian relationships in the Prussian Lithuania, highlighting political and social turning points in the 20th century experienced by the former territory of East Prussia, and the past of the historical region of Samogitia.

In cooperation with the Polish scientists, the Centre for History initiated underwater archaeology, a research field new for Lithuania.

The activities of the Centre in the years 1992–2003, with regard to the priorities of scientific research in the Baltic Sea Region, were coordinated by the Academic Board composed of scientists from Lithuania, Germany, Poland, Latvia and Sweden, which was headed by Dr Eckhard Matthes in 1993 to 1999, later by Professor Udo Arnold.