The Intendancy of Paraguay (Spanish: Intendencia del Paraguay), also known as the Intendancy of Asunción (Spanish: Intendencia de Asunción) was an administrative-territorial unit that was part of the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata.

Until 1776, the whole of Southern Spanish America was ruled by the Viceroy of Peru in Lima.

In 1776, it was decided to split the Viceroyalty of Peru in two, and to create a new Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, which included these two former governates, along with other dependencies that mainly extended over the Río de la Plata Basin, roughly the present-day territories of Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay.

The only city and capital of the Intendancy was Asuncion, and territorially it was divided into 4 districts: Villa Real de la Concepcion, Curuguaty, Villarrica del Espiritu Santo and San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú.

The Intendancy of Paraguay existed until 1811, when the last Intendant governor, Bernardo de Velasco, was overthrown by a group of revolutionaries, marking the end of Spanish rule in these lands and marking the beginning of the events leading to the Independence of Paraguay.