[1] ISH has proven effective for the treatment of influenza,[2] rabies related lyssavirus,[3] hepatitis B,[4] and the HIV virus.
[6] These Fc-dependent effects seem to play an important role in disease control as shown by the non-human primate (NHP) experiment.
[7][8] In contrast, the results of the adenoviral-based STEP trial suggested a higher susceptibility due to high levels of non-neutralizing poly-functional antibodies and helper T cell proliferation induced by vaccination.
Although this was not detectable in the human trials conducted to-date, it is assumed that reduction of viral loads early after infection can be achieved.
Thus the current goal is to avoid uncontrolled T cell proliferation and modulate the humoral immune response towards highly efficient poly-functional monoclonal antibodies.
This implies good quantity and quality of induced antibodies but low levels of T cell stimulation to avoid aforementioned increased susceptibility and disease progression.
First in vitro and immunization experiments conducted with Simian Immunodeficiency virus (SIV), showed a 10-50 fold increase in Env-specific antibodies of treated mice compared to exosome vaccinated ones.