[1] In 1987, he took over leadership of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
[2] Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Shapiro was the son of Lithuanian Jewish immigrants.
[1] He was a graduate of the University of Minnesota Law School.
du Pont de Nemours & Company[4] working in their legal department.
[3] He worked his way up to the top of the company eventually serving as chairman and chief executive officer from 1973 to 1981.