[5] Ficetola et al. (2010) discovered that living in colder temperatures resulted a body size increase in both male and female.

[5] Human interference has dramatically changed the habitat of T. carnifex due to the expansion of industrial areas and urban centers.

[7] During winter months, prolactin is released into the circulatory system, which drives T. carnifex into the aquatic environment and reduces the active transport of sodium ions.

[9] In summer, aldosterone creates an increase in enzymatic activity in T. carnifex, which leads to a decrease in ion transport.

[13] Cadmium, a released into the environment from industrial and consumer waste, has been shown to be detrimental to T. carnifex even at a concentrations below Italian and European thresholds, by disrupting the activity of the adrenal gland.

[14] In experiments allowing Italian crested newts to be exposed to nonylphenol, an endocrine disruptor common in leakage from sewers, there was a decrease in corticosterone and aldosterone, hormones produced by the adrenal gland and important for stress response.