Thibaud was born in Bordeaux and studied the violin with his father before entering the Paris Conservatoire at the age of thirteen.
[1] Thibaud was noted not only for his work as a soloist, but also for his performances of chamber music, particularly in a piano trio with the pianist Alfred Cortot and cellist Pablo Casals.
Among his students were Manuel Quiroga (the dedicatee of Ysaÿe's 6th solo sonata), Eric Rosenblith, Joan Field, Rachel Steinman Clarke, Stephan Hero (see Jose Iturbi) and Yfrah Neaman.
On 1 September 1953, Jacques Thibaud tragically died in the crash of Air France Flight 178, along with all 41 other passengers.
The aircraft, registered as F-BAZZ, was on its final approach to Nice when it struck Mount Cimet in the French Alps.