James Robb Church (January 1, 1866 – May 18, 1923) was a United States Army Assistant Surgeon who received the Medal of Honor for his actions as part of the Rough Riders regiment during the Spanish–American War.

He also served in World War I, and wrote about the effects of poison gas and his experiences as a wartime doctor.

[1] Church was awarded a Medal of Honor for actions during the Battle of Las Guasimas in the Spanish–American War on June 24, 1898.

Before the United States entered World War I, Church went to France as an observer and an attaché with the French Army.

Once the United States entered the war, Church joined the staff of the American expeditionary force.