Jianghanichthys is an extinct genus of freshwater cypriniform fish from the Late Paleocene to Early Eocene of central and southern China, and the only member of the family Jianghanichthyidae.

[4] Two species are known, both of which were previously placed in Osteochilus: There are still disagreements as to the scientific classification, name and age of this genus.

J. hubeiensis was reclassified from Osteochilus into the new genus Jianghanichthys in 1987, and in 2015 it was moved from the Catostomidae to the new, basal family Jianghanichthyidae.

Most of these are among the thousands of well-preserved J. hubeiensis fossils which were discovered in an outcrop in a farm near Songzi in the 1980s.

However, overcollection by commercial fossil collectors had destroyed this locality by 2005, though some new specimens have since been discovered with later fieldwork.