Johannes Cornelis Anceaux (4 July 1920 in Schiedam, Netherlands – 6 August 1988 in Leiderdorp, Netherlands) was a Dutch linguist and anthropologist known for his extensive work on Papuan and Austronesian languages.

[1] Apart from his monographs on Wolio, Nimboran, and the languages of Yapen Island, Anceaux was also known for his wordlists of languages of Irian Jaya.

[2][3] In 1938, Anceaux began studying Indonesian literature at Leiden University.

However, the outbreak of World War II interrupted his studies as he was drafted into the military.

After the war ended, under the supervision of Cornelis Christiaan Berg (1900–1990), he returned to Leiden University to complete his doctoral thesis Over de geschiedenis van de Indonesische taalkunde in 1952, with a particular emphasis on the Wolio language of Southeast Sulawesi.