John Cheyne FRSE FKQCPI (3 February 1777 – 31 January 1836) was a British physician, surgeon, Professor of Medicine in the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and author of monographs on a number of medical topics.

He joined the army, worked as a surgeon with an artillery corps, and was present at the Battle of Vinegar Hill.

Ten years later, Cheyne moved to Dublin and in 1811 began working at the Meath Hospital.

He also taught war medicine and was appointed Physician General to British forces in Ireland in 1820.

[4] He retired to England in 1831 following a course of ill health, and died at his country estate at Sherington, Buckinghamshire on 31 January 1836.