He studied at Downing College, Cambridge, and worked in Operational Research at British Bomber Command during the Second World War.
A variant is the stochastic user equilibrium (SUE), in which no driver can unilaterally change routes to improve his/her perceived, rather than actual, travel times.
As with Nash equilibria, simple solutions to selfish equilibrium can be found through iterative simulation, with each agent assigning its route given the choices of the others.
The Frank–Wolfe algorithm improves on this by exploiting dynamic programming properties of the network structure, to find solutions with a faster form of iteration.
Creating new and faster algorithms for both selfish and social Wardrop equilibria remains an active research topic in the 2010s.