José María de los Dolores Francisco Germán del Espíritu Santo Bocanegra y Villalpando (Spanish pronunciation: [xosemaˈɾia βokaˈneɣɾa]; 25 May 1787[1] – 23 July 1862) was a Mexican lawyer and statesman who was briefly interim president of Mexico in December 1829 during a coup attempt against president Vicente Guerrero.

Five days later the rebels stormed the National Palace and overthrew Bocanegra, upon which they set up an executive triumvirate led by Pedro Velez.

During the First Mexican Empire he supported Agustín de Iturbide's election to the throne, but opposed his later exercise of arbitrary power.

Bocanegra entered the Chamber of Deputies in 1827, and on 26 January 1829, President Guadalupe Victoria named him Minister of Internal and External Relations.

On the latter date, the military garrison of Mexico City joined the Plan de Jalapa and withdrew recognition of Bocanegra.