Josef von Löschner was born on 7 May 1809 in Kadaň, Bohemia, Austrian Empire.
In 1834 he received his medical doctorate at Prague, and several years later he obtained his habilitation for balneology (1841).
In 1862 he was appointed Landesmedizinalrat, and in 1865 became Hofrat (councilor) and a personal physician to Franz Joseph I of Austria.
A foundation arranged by Löschner resulted in the creation of the Franz Joseph Kinderhospital in Prague.
These publications were instrumental in making Bohemian spas a popular tourist destination, particularly the resorts at Karlovy Vary and Bílina, which were regularly visited by members of European royalty.