Josephine Carrier Lawney (April 29, 1881 – February 27, 1962) was an American physician, college administrator, and Baptist medical missionary in China.

Her mother died when Josephine was fifteen years old, and the Lawney girls were raised by relatives named Crosier.

[3][4] She was commissioned by the Woman's American Baptist Foreign Mission Society as a missionary in 1919, and assigned to the Margaret Williamson Hospital and the Women's Christian Medical College in Shanghai from 1919 to 1943.

[2] When the United States entered World War II, Lawney was interned as an enemy alien from 1941 to 1943, and worked as a physician in the prison camp.

[2] Back in the United States, from 1948[11] to her retirement in 1955, she worked at the Associated Missions Medical Office, and helped to found a Baptist church on Long Island.