The Journal of Oleo Science is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the various agricultural, biological, chemical, health, medical, nutritional, and physical properties of fats and oils.

It is published by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society and the editor-in-chief is Osamu Shibata (Nagasaki International University).

The journal was established in 1952 as the Journal of Oil Chemists' Society, Japan and was published exclusively in Japanese for the first 4 volumes.

It obtained its current name in 2011 (vols 50–present), when it became an exclusively English-language journal.

The journal was licensed under "Creative Commons attribution 4.0" in February 2021 and indexed in the DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) on April 13, 2021.