Julian Klaczko

He studied in Wilno and Königsberg (Królewiec), his interests including philosophy, history and literature.

In 1847, he earned a PhD (doctorate work De rebus Franco-Gallicis saeculi XV).

Klaczko was a politician who co-operated with the liberal-aristocratic Hotel Lambert faction of Polish exiles (Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski).

As a Polish nationalist, he expressed an outspoken resentment and hatred of Russia and Prussia for their share in the Partition of Poland, but had a more positive attitude towards Austria-Hungary, with its relatively more tolerant policies towards the Poles under its rule.

In 1869 he moved to Vienna, and was in 1870 elected Privy Councillor ("Hofrat") at the Foreign Affairs Ministry of Austria-Hungary.