In the south and east, ranges of hills running parallel with the boundary line throw out spurs into the heart of the plain.
The transport of produce is facilitated by the tidal creek of the Ulhas river and by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway.
The river Kalu is navigable by boats of 10 tons for 9 miles (14 km) above Kalyan town.
There are disagreeable east winds in April and May; but although fever is prevalent in the cold season, the climate is on the whole temperate and healthy.
[7] Languages of Kalyan taluk (2011)[8] At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 60.91% of the population in the district spoke Marathi, 16.02% Hindi, 4.29% Gujarati, 3.05% Urdu, 2.65% Malayalam, 1.75% Kannada, 1.71% Tamil, 1.64% Bhojpuri, 1.07% Kachhi, 0.99% Marwari, 0.91% Telugu and 0.90% Bengali as their first language.