Kaoru Ishikawa

In 1949, Ishikawa joined the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE), an organization developed to promote systematic studies needed to stimulate the nation's economy.

After World War II, Japan experienced rapid and sustained economic growth.

At the time before the Japanese Economic Miracle, the United States still perceived Japan, as a producer of cheap wind-up toys and poor-quality cameras.

He translated, integrated and expanded the management concepts of W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran into the Japanese system.

Ishikawa used this concept to define how continuous improvement (kaizen) can be applied to processes when all variables are known.

[2] After becoming a full professor in the engineering faculty at the University of Tokyo (1960), Ishikawa introduced the concept of quality circles (1962) in conjunction with JUSE.