Kazimierz Wyka

He studied at the Jagiellonian University and during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany remained safely with the family in his small town.

In 1952 Wyka co-founded and ran the Polish–Soviet Friendship Society (Towarzystwo Przyjaźni Polsko-Radzieckiej), a cover for the direct Soviet propaganda in Poland,[1] which enabled him to also remain a Member of Parliament in 1952–56 before the collapse of Stalinism during the Polish October.

Notably Wyka signed the so-called "Letter of 34" (List 34) against censorship,[2] delivered in March 1964 to the Council of Ministers (Poland) and then passed on to The Times.

[3] However, the resulting uproar in the communist party circles prompted Wyka to sign a counter letter against it, claiming that the Radio Free Europe spreads false information about the Soviet repressions in Poland, which in its own right was an obscene lie, wrote Norman Davies.

[5] In 1980, the president (mayor) of Kraków established the commemorative Kazimierz Wyka Award in the field of literary criticism, essay, and history of literature.